Mass Communication Essays - Communication, Journalistic Objectivity

Mass Communication Mass correspondences is one of the most famous school studies the nation, which maybe mirrors a faith in the significance of correspondences frameworks in society. The correspondences framework, comprising of radio, TV, film, papers and magazines, impacts how we think, how we feel, and how we live. Along these lines, we should ask ourselves, Is media 'unimportant diversion,' or are there genuine reactions of the national distraction with the media? Long haul introduction to the media tends to impact the manner in which we think about our general surroundings, however how? Since the printing of the main paper to the presentation of the Information Superhighway, society has had the option to see itself unbiasedly. The people who present media to us: radio characters, commentators, and entertainers included, are given the obligation of giving us society all things considered. Once in a while, it is contended, this undertaking isn't finished sufficiently. Thus, emerges an issue: can objectivity and subjectivity in the media influence how we approach issues? What's more, more critically, can the data introduced influence the worth arrangement of a general public? The media is so inescapable it is difficult to accept they don't effectsly affect society. However, numerous individuals try not to accept that the media have by and by impacted them or have hurt them. In any case, to endeavor to see how the media may shape the mentalities of people, and how they may shape culture itself, necessitates that we remain back from our own encounters so as to dissect the contentions introduced on each side of the discussion. For instance, some accept that it is essential to report genuine, society-compromising news with all out objectivity. On the off chance that it isn't revealed in such a way, a roundabout prompting of the more extreme crowd can happen. In the September 1996 issue of the American Journalism Audit, Sherry Ricchiardi reacted to ground-breaking announcing by Christian Amanpour on Serb monstrosities in Bosnia. A few eyewitnesses scrutinized the respectability of the correspondent's methodology of help in inclusion of these war-torn locales. Ricchiardi clarified that reporters must walk a scarce difference between subjectivity and objectivity in the journey to delineate circumstances as impartially, yet as seriously, as could be expected under the circumstances. Another case of subjectivity in the media and its impact on society is effortlessly seen in an ongoing episode in Rochester, New York. At the point when a dubious biographer visited the University of Rochester to talk about his book on Mother Teresa and present his negative perspectives on her sympathetic heritage, a nearby paper reacted with checking strict responses and by outfitting nothing of substance to a definitely threatening crowd. This, thus, made a network shock that probably won't have, something else, happened. In an article entitled Journalists or Defenders of Faith? John H. Summers contended that the paper's one-sided way to deal with the speaker's visit was not agent of a sound majority rule government which requests editorial respectability and intellegence. Some may contend that the paper's conduct was, in actuality, an execution of defamation. The Sullivan Rule, settled on by the Supreme Court in New York Times v. Sullivan (1964), ensures basic man from criticism and defamation. The court held that the First Amendment secures the distribution everything being equal, even bogus ones, about the lead of open authorities aside from when articulations are made with real noxiousness. As referenced over, the First Amendment is the emotionally supportive network of the media. It essentially expresses that congress will pass no law . . . abbreviating the opportunity of discourse. Equally significant is its announcement concerning opportunity of the press, expressing that the freedom of the press . . . comprises in laying no past restrictions upon distributions, and not in opportunity from scold for criminal issue when distributed. However, these announcements can't forestall the media from permitting diversion to overshadow fundamental news data. Decisions, for example, these are said to affect society's perspective on the world and its occasions. For example, tabloids make a solid effort to persuade society that superstar ways of life, private data, and preposterous stories are significant in the present culture. Since features, for example, Monica's Own Story - Affair began after I flashed my hot clothing, have helped deals, progressively conventional papers have directed their concentration toward comparative occasions. Numerous accept that it is morally off-base to disregard genuine news for VIP tattle. It very well may be unfavorable to the insight of the general population to imbecilic down the news for evaluations. Furthermore, it appears, step by step, that evaluations take absolute priority in the media. TV writing computer programs is a noteworthy case of rating priority. A great part of the populace

The activities of Valley Grown Salads Essays

The exercises of Valley Grown Salads Essays The exercises of Valley Grown Salads Essay The exercises of Valley Grown Salads Essay Valley developed plates of mixed greens mean to keep up their business, they have stated, they might not want to extend their business right now. They flourish to deliver great new produce to the general stores; waitrose and Sainsbury. They plan to build their generosity and notoriety for providing the best. Valley Grown Salads are providers of great new produce from around the globe to driving UK grocery store customers, including waitrose and Sainsbury.Valley developed servings of mixed greens just sell tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers and aubergines. They are focused on implementing elevated requirements for their clients and their customers, offering a solid and adaptable help that conveys the freshest items accessible. They develop from a wide range of nations from around the globe including Spain and Israel, so as to bring their clients the best quality item accessible for entire year year.Valley developed plates of mixed greens develop their own vegetables and bundle them. Valley developed plates of mixed greens additionally keep up and work organization possessed vehicle armada this incorporates refrigerated lorries. Valley developed plates of mixed greens keep up 220,000 plants. Valley developed plates of mixed greens possesses more than one little nursery: they own Valley Grown Salads - this is a 26,000 sq ft bundling office and refrigerated stockpiling and the get point for Lorries. They additionally own Valley Grown Nurseries This is a 10 section of land glass house which grows 220,000 plants which is furnished with vitality effective warm screens likewise, in this nursery they utilize 10 staff on full time.They likewise own Nature Choice This business is in south east Spain which just develops peppers, cucumbers and aubergines, which has 600 sections of land of accessible developing region in this part. This part of VGS additionally has 16,000 m2 of stockroom pressing space. In this area they utilize 230 staff of this there are 3 quality control groups with full discernibility frameworks. Valley Grown Salads are accomplices with Edom UK, in Israel this area of VGS is situated in Israel, they gracefully premium quality peppers for UK markets. In organization with Valley Grown Salads pressing activity with 7 Israeli cultivators. VGS bundling and transport: the item, peppers cucumbers, tomatoes or aubergines, are gotten into their pack house in Nazing, where it is put in their glidestock racking to guarantee flawless stock rotation.The wanted item is put away there in their high mugginess refrigeration territory before creation. The items are then evaluated, for instance a little pepper would be downsized due to its size, stuffed and conveyed to client stops. It is then evaluated by evaluators before it leaves. At the point when a requests is set, it very well may be dispersed greatest twice day by day by VGS transport armada, this incorporates refrigerated Lorries, to guarantee most extreme newness for the client available, Sainsbury or Waitrose. Since VGS have abroad ranches the lorry drivers convey hand-held blackberry PDA gadgets, these can evaluate traffic or climate conditions thusly it is valuable to the driver.Will Chelsea need to extend or change later on to follow their points? Right now Chelsea F.C are going all out. Pundits and bookmakers foresee that Chelsea F.C may get an opportunity of taking all the trophies this year. Anyway as time passes by their group should change so as to keep up their series of wins. They should purchase new players so as to keep their group sheet loaded with a class players, for instance new players originate from everywhere throughout the world are becoming well known its up to the scouts from the club to ensure they asses the correct players. Unavoidably they should change the arena to stay aware of cutting edge style and to keep up the intrigue of new players.The systematic Chelsea F.C Mega store should change their items consistently, for instance the Chelsea unit will change, so they should show the new pack on time to stay aware of the requirements of the Chelsea F.C fans, likewise the Chelsea F.C game may likewise should be adjusted. So as to keep up consistent benefit the lodgings in Chelsea town may should be overhauled and redesigned so as to come.Will VGS need to extend or change later on to follow their points? VGS have expressed that they might not want to grow at the current second; they are happy with the benefit. Since VGS are the providers to Sainsburys and waitrose they made need to change on the off chance that they get more interest for a specific item from the store. Right now however, if they somehow managed to develop more vegetables they would increase an excess of unused vegetables. Unavoidably they should change their gear utilized in the distribution centers and in the glasshouses for example the pressing machines, Lorries and so on. On the off chance that they were approached by Sainsbury or waitrose for additional merchandise, at that point they should grow, in Nazing, yet in addition abroad. Additionally Sainsbury or waitrose may approach VGS for another item in the past VGS just sold cucumbers and tomatoes, for instance sweet corn.Functional regions of Chelsea Village Human Resources preparing , Recruitment and examination The principle motivation behind the human asset division is to locate the correct representative, the perfect measure of workers and at the ideal time, accomplishing this will satisfy the reason for the human asset office Training is a significant piece of Chelsea F.C; Jos㠯⠿â ½ Maurino pays out thousands to get his group prepared and in structure for the following match. Preparing is expected to prepare other staff also, for instance, the groundkeeper may require preparing for another grass shaper. Another model is the burger bar utilizes another cooker; he/she may require preparing to flip a burger etc.Recruiting staff is expensive and tedious it is likewise a basic piece of any business, particularly in a business as extensive as Chelsea Village. Poor decisions when selecting may demonstrate costly. The organization should make certain of the new workers specialized ability. For instance, if another visit manage neglects to turn up 3 days strai ght, the organization loses both time and cash and they might be at risk for a punishment charge in view of the postponement. Likewise the enrollment of new players is urgent in choosing the result of Chelsea F.C, supposing that they are paying 20 million pounds they should ensure that the player is ideal for the job.In an organization as large as Chelsea town some type of report on workers is expected to ensure they are satisfying their points and targets, in this manner they use evaluation strategies. Examination is the formal or casual procedure which a worker can talk about their preparation and advancement needs with an appraiser The real football crew may have an appraiser for each crew part, the evaluation office might be useful for inspiration since it gives the chance to representatives to recognize methods of meeting their work requirements for instance, Frank Lampard might be baffled at the condition of their rec center, along these lines he may demand some new hardware.

Why Burning Money Is Illegal in the United States

Why Burning Money Is Illegal in the United States On the off chance that you have cash to consume, congrats yet youd better not really put a match to a heap of money. Consuming cash is illicit in the United States and isâ punishable by as long as 10 years in jail, also fines. (Increasingly fun realities: Its likewise illicit to tear a dollar note and even straighten a pennyâ under the heaviness of a train on the railroad tracks.) The laws making mutilating and corrupting cash a wrongdoing have their underlying foundations in the central governments utilization of valuable metals to mint coins. Lawbreakers were known to grind down or cut off parts of those coins and save the bits for themselves while spending the adjusted money. The chances of being arraigned under the government laws that bringing in consuming cash or ruining coins, notwithstanding, are genuinely thin. To begin with, coins presently contain next to no valuable metals. Second, damaging printed money in a demonstration of dissent is frequently contrasted with consuming the American banner. In other words, consuming cash might be viewed as ensured discourse under the U.S. Constitutions First Amendment. What the Law Says About Burning Money The area of government law that makes destroying or consuming cash a wrongdoing is Title 18, Section 333, which was passed in 1948 and peruses: Whoever ravages, cuts, destroys, distorts, or punctures, or joins together or concretes together, or does some other thing to any bank charge, draft, note, or other proof of obligation gave by any national financial affiliation, or Federal Reserve bank, or the Federal Reserve System, with aim to render such bank charge, draft, note, or other proof of obligation unfit to be reissued, will be fined under this title or detained not over a half year, or both. What the Law Says About Mutilating Coins The area of government law that makes damaging coins a wrongdoing is Title 18, Section 331, which peruses: Whoever falsely changes, destroys, disfigures, disables, decreases, misrepresents, scales, or helps any of the coins instituted at the mints of the United States, or any remote coins which are by law made current or are in real use or flow as cash inside the United States; or whoever deceitfully has, passes, expresses, distributes, or sells, or endeavors to pass, articulate, distribute, or sell, or brings into the United States, any such coin, realizing the equivalent to be adjusted, damaged, mangled, weakened, lessened, adulterated, scaled, or helped will be fined under this title or detained not over five years, or both. A different area of Title 18 makes it unlawful to corrupt coins stamped by the U.S. government, which means to shave a portion of the metal off and bring in the cash less significant. That wrongdoing is deserving of fines and as long as 10 years in jail. Indictments Are Rare for Mutilating Currency Its truly uncommon for somebody to be captured and accused of contaminating or corrupted U.S. cash. Indeed, even those penny press machines found at arcades and some coastline attractions are in consistence with the law in light of the fact that theyre used to make gifts and not to spoil or shave metal off the coin for benefit or extortion. Maybe the most prominent instance of cash mutilation dates to 1963. A 18-year-old U.S. Marine named Ronald Lee Foster was sentenced for shaving endlessly the edges of pennies and spending the 1 penny coins as dimes in candy machines. Cultivate had been condemned to a time of probation and $20, however more truly the conviction kept him from having the option to get a firearm permit. Cultivate made national news in 2010 when President Barack Obama acquitted him.

What Do You Need To Know About Thesis Writing?

What Do You Need To Know About Thesis Writing?It is important for your thesis writer to come up with an overall thesis statement. The thesis is the final piece of information and this is the paper that you will be presenting to the college to qualify as a degree. A thesis may be based on either the thesis statement or the abstract. They are both different and have a lot of different parts to them.Thesis written in the abstract is very different than the written in the thesis statement. The abstract usually goes into some detail about the writer's research that led to the specific conclusion. They might discuss the results of the research such as results from a survey, studies, or the presentation of data. They are usually written in the first person and go into the experiences of the writer as well as his/her circumstances that helped produce the findings.In the process of writing a thesis to the thesis writer will write a body of information which is the thesis statement. He/she the n begins working on how to get this specific information across in a concise way. The thesis writer should also take into consideration the impact on his/her audience when he/she writes the thesis because if it is not written in a clear and simple manner it may not be understood by others and it will be difficult to answer any questions that they might have about the information.A thesis writer should start with completing the thesis statement. This is the one piece of information that the reader will see and this is the strongest point of the thesis statement. Once the writer has written a thesis statement then the writer must write the body of the thesis.A thesis statement is the basis for the entire thesis that the writer can then do a good job of supporting with supporting data. As stated before a thesis writer should consider the impact of his/her information on the reader. If they do not give enough support for the thesis statement then they will have to research what it is th at the reader is looking for or for that matter, if they even wrote a thesis at all.Writing a thesis is a very creative process and it may not involve the thesis writer going through many drafts of the paper. It depends on the writer if he/she wants to research and write up drafts themselves or just let a ghost writer to do the writing for them. Either way, writing a thesis requires a good deal of research.A thesis writer must come up with a thesis statement and draft their thesis in between. There are many free online guides that can help writers get started and provide the information they need.

Douglasian Cultural Model in Indian Context - 2161 Words

Comment Form for Assessed Work Introduction Today’s world is being dominated by daily innovations in technology and increasing globalization which helps organizations to spread and to operate globally in a successful way. Every organisation operating at a global level is trying to improve their financial profits. The success of such organizations greatly depends on their workforce and their decision-making capabilities. Many times the ethicality of such decisions have been questioned because of the profit driven strategies of these organizations. As Nobel Prize winner economist Milton Friedman quotes, â€Å"An executive’s responsibility generally will be to make as much money as possible while conforming to their basic†¦show more content†¦Also the article studies the ethical practices of different types of companies and business entities to understand the business ethics beyond large private corporations with respect to all the four solidarities of CT. The article debates about the dynam icity of ethical decision-making by citing the examples of all the solidarities existing in different Indian corporations. Also it talks over about the historical and philosophical background for the adoption of different ethical strategies by different corporations. Weaknesses The article explains the process of ethical decision-making in business from a ‘Douglasian Cultural Theory’ perspective only. The article does not identify many other factors beyond culture that may account for differences in work behaviour across nations. Scholars like Parboteeah and Cullen (2003) have suggested the need to include noncultural factors to isolate the influence of culture on ethical behaviour. Also many scholars have talked about the other personal characteristics like education, age, gender and religion that affect the ethical decision-making but they have not put any light on this part in the article. According to Kracher, Chatterjee and Lundquist, education plays an important and positive role in one’s ethical decision-making. Also Singhapakdi et al.: JBE (1996) talk about the relationship between ethical sensitivity and age being significantly positive. Ameen, et al., (1996) suggests that ethical

I Have Chose to Become a Multimedia Artist - 1147 Words

For my career choice, I have chosen Multimedia Artist. My reason for choosing this career is because I love drawing and playing video games, and with a career like this, I can be able to design, program, and create my own video games while getting to do what I like. I already familiar with a few graphic design programs such as Photoshop and Illustrator. With this job I could use these programs to make my ideas come to life. Multimedia Artists require a bachelor’s degree in education. They make decent pay, have multiple job opportunities, employment range that is high, and work in offices and studios. In order to obtain a job like this, education is required. In high school it, if you are interested in getting a job like this, it would be best for you to take as many art and design courses as you can. â€Å"Computer classes are also helpful, mainly classes that teach page layout programs or art and photography manipulating programs† (Fergusons 75). In college you will at least be required to have a bachelor’s degree in order to get the job. A bachelor’s degree of fine arts program at a four year college may include courses such as principles of design, art history, painting, mechanical drawing, sketching and constructing. Academy of Art University is one of many places that offer these courses. Students that graduate from the Academy of Art University will have a solid grasp o n the fundamental game art principles, including knowledge of game engine technology and preproductionShow MoreRelatedThe Art and Methods Used in KIMSOOJA Unfolding Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesKorean artists, Kimsooja’s works is based on fabrics that were sewn out of colorful clothing from thread and ink. Recently when I went at the show KIMSOOJA Unfolding, Vancouver Art Gallery, I got to see many remarkable textile works made by her, it seemed very beautiful seeing the whole segment of the gallery decorated with her colorful textile works. 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Robert’s Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2. Yves Delage’s Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Positive Accounting Theory and Current Issues †Free Samples

Question: Discuss About the Study Of Positive Accounting Theory An Explanation Of Human Behaviour In An Accounting Setting. Answer: Introduction The present report deals with the study of Positive Accounting Theory in a broader sense of research program whose main objective is developing providing an explanation of human behaviour in an accounting setting. It evolves detail analysis of Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Researchwritten by Paul V Dunmore for Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand. The report initiates with the overview of specified article, and main focus has been made on the particular discussion of the article. For the same research questions and theoretical framework has been provided so that literature review could be understood in more appropriate manner. Through analysing the literature review implications and constraints would be assessed more appropriately to depict an appropriate conclusion. Overview Of Article Positive accounting theory can be said as one of the clear concepts of positive research which is one of a broader concept in comparison to a particular theory. It is a part of a wider intellectual project proposed to assess the cause and effects relationship in the world under study. The main emphasise is on the critical segments of academic accounting research which focus on assessing and formulating actual practices in accounting. For analysing the importance and deficiencies of positive accounting, the broader part i.e. ontological and epistemological assumption. The illustrative paper has been discussed from many areas but emphasise has been made predominately in auditing literature. It is in contrast with the normative accounting which is focused on the description of optimal accounting standards. Further, the methods of improvising the approach for existing accounting method which might be followed by the organisation have also been discussed. An attempt is made by Paul to explain the concept of the disciplinary matrix which suggested positive research as a paradigm as the best tool for solving accepted puzzles rather than receiving solution from social or intellectual contribution. An important argument provided in the article is more appropriate theoretical models who are having a characteristic like highly specified, vulnerable, etc. are the basic requirement of positive accounting. Ad hoc quantitative models have been specified as the reason behind inappropriate progress in positive accounting as they limit the probable sign of a relationship between two variables. This is only because of their unsuitable structure due to which they convert as in operational. It is necessary for accounting concepts to be operationalized with major care for the theories which are beneficial and significant for business. The same requires effective measures for evaluating theoretical models on a serious basis. It is necessary that policy formers and developers require emphasising on functionality so that a more appropriate linear relationship could be developed with the existing accounting concepts. Nature which is socially construed is not the actual problem, but termite mounds and wolf packs are tolerable amenable to scientific study. It is being argued by interpretive critiques that there are different kinds of human but the main issue which requires assertion is empirical evidence rather than shared meanings go into social constructions of a wolf pack. The article ends up with the argument relating to transference to correct method of testing hypothesis towards an approximation of parameters. The same has been assessed through parameters of confidence i ntervals or by comparing evaluation of other relevant studies. The requirement of broadening replication has been expressed for concluding appropriate conclusion of hypothesis testing. It will provide support for the accuracy of evaluation and discover the existing constraints of research. Research Queries The present article is mainly emphasised on the deep analysis of positive accounting research, and the specified questions are prescribed below: What are the necessities for an unbeaten positive research program? Which are the highly specified and vulnerable theoretical models that are designed and tested accurately to the extent possible? How to develop analytical models? The need behind emphasising on measurement rather than testing? What are the distinctive motives behind replication and their explanation? Theoretical Framework The report presents the analysis of accounting phenomena which is caused due to the operation of self- interest within parties who interact in various kinds of organisation. Focus have been given the constraints relating to positive accounting research review reveals severe drawbacks in the performance of positive accounting research which does not allow to provide the effective evolvement in broad-based projects. The basic necessity of abstract framework is assessing for the purpose of limiting their research. It has been provided that the other areas of accounting do not support this theoretical model. An attempt has been made to infer the observed prices which have been used by accounting information investor for the purpose of enhancing the growth of development of controlling system and the variants on the basis of a particular system that leads to its adoption. The existence of discussion relating to the involvement of discussion relating to research involves quantitative or qualitative data. The essence which has been adopted by a scientist for the purpose of research science evolves development of preliminary ideas. A formal theory is developed by the after accomplishing a testable prediction which is dependable on reasonable empirical evidence Quantum of predictions is dependable on percentile of susceptible falsified ideas. New theories are analysed and predicted in case different theories are ascertained after analysing the old theories. Analysis of old theories and assessment of new theories in case falsified results are received after application of old theories is being done again and again. According to the study of Popper new theories suggest observed regularities but the same are not proved inductively by those observations Careful observation distinguishes a creative idea from other ideas It has argued many times that falsificat ion is inoperable as a variety of assumptions goes into falsifiability criteria. Better measurement tools are the utmost requirement for making an accounting research successful. The theories must not be affected by the variants of environment vulnerability. Few successful research has been provided as an example; main criticism provided in the article. Some good research has been considered for illustrating the examples by Paul V Dunmore are has been specified: The conclusions of the theory are based on an assumption that shareholders and management have their self-interest with the main objective of increasing their own wealth without assessing its negative aspects. No specification relating to predictions about the overall impact has been specified through Positive accounting, and due to same, the main objective of positive accounting does not accomplish. Positive Theory accounting mainly emphasis on the clarification of what people might actually act through ignoring the actual requirement which needed to be an accomplishment. According to the views of Kuhn, science is basically accordance a form of play. The one who does not subscribe to paradigm cannot be a part of the scientific community, same in the case as a chess player who assumed the rules should be different would not find another person to play in accordance with his own rules. He has described Normal Science in a disciplinary area can be said as a combination of attitude, beliefs and practices which are accepted so that the members of that group for solving a variety of related puzzles. The reason behind same is the inclusion of behavioural pattern in positive accounting. He argues that the model will be replaced when the same could not support the concept of normal science and occurs in the form of revolutionary crises or other forms. The main factors of a communal system comprising positive accounting research can be understood through the concept of normal science. The motive of this social system is to present question relating to the manner in which human behaves while doing the research and assist in providing a solution with fewer efforts. It is not necessary that social system relates to formulated information relating to human behaviour in regard to accounting. Stability does remain in doubt for a , but the same do not resemble that new system addresses longer period stem may not necessarily add to our already formulated information related to human behaviour in the context of accounting. The stability of the social system remains in doubt for an extended period of time. But this does not imply adoption of a new system every time a new crisis is addressed in the new research. Normal science is specified as enlighten practised by a particular group required to be adjusted accordingly to the requirement of t he group in order to sort out the queries relating to accounting research. It also emphasise on the significance of hypothesis testing instead of just assessing of hypothesis.. The concept of positive accounting remains concerned with building or testing models. However, the perspective relating to the point of view for those research is having major importance and focused with building or testing model have also been presented. Positive accounting has been specified as scientific research in economics and accounting. Even other areas of positive accounting have not been created by taking the base of these theoretical models. The importance of literature model makes efforts to derive their figures which have been used as a base by the users for the purpose of the decision. However for the purpose of research is to create controlling systems which assess to develop an understanding of the factors which cause adoption of some theories (Dahmash, Durand and Watson, 2009). The primary model of balanced self-focus human behaviour is focused mainly on assessing the same in an appropriate manner. As per Watts and Zimmerman, the value literature makes efforts for in ferring the prices what accounting researcher applied in their decision and is developing a control system for growing the organisation for assessing the variants which are the base before selecting of a particular system. (Francis, 2006). These approaches work on the assumption that human behaviour o a rational basis and not in the sort of games which arise a form of Positive accounting theory. Evaluation of the performance is also done o the basis of presupposing human act in some of the theories (Gibbins, 1984). Any research which aims at analysing the nature and reasons for a particular accounting phenomenon, even in the case it lies in non-rational aspects of human psychology, qualifies as positive scientific accounting research. These different illustrations are not comprehensive when taken as total, but an effort has been made to illustrate the entire positive accounting research program in a wider concept in comparison of accounting theory. Significance And Constraints The article has provided appropriate explanation relating to understanding the concept of human behaviour in positive accounting. The reason behind the same is the inimitable setting which has been applied in the research for specific criteria of human behaviour. It can be applied as a base for policy developers and formers for making other theories in the more appropriate manner in comparison to existing theories of positive accounting. Presently, empirical questions exist which have not been answered as no comprehensive models are present for the same. Problems in the case of technical assumptions are more appropriately recognised by the researchers and might be tested by the same. According to the study of Flick (2015), tools and theories which have been applied for the purpose of analysis must be more appropriate to the objective of study else the same will have a negative impact on their ability due to inadequacies related to hypothesis and qualitative research. In accordance with the study of Creswell, (2013) constraints and advantages of the article have not been appropriately explained from the point of view of a reader. The limitation has its impact on the validity of conclusions derived from the theories available in the researc and thus the same reason it cannot be considered for future researchers. Conclusions provided by Paul V Dunmore in the article are feasible as justifications and reasoning have been provided for the same. Conclusion It can be concluded that the article has evaluated the ontology and epistemology of positive accounting research and analysed the present practices of accounting research which have been a necessity for making an accounting research successful. However, it can be analysed that a need for better accounting theories is required which are highly specified and vulnerable so that the same can be applied in subjects for detail testing. The present research article specifies the need of broadening replication so that appropriate conclusions can be withdrawn from hypothesis testing. Hence, this aspect will be applied for evaluation of accurate measurement which can be used by the researcher for the purpose of removing the constraints in research findings. References Books and Journals Creswell, J.W., 2013. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage. Dahmash, F. N., Durand, R. B., Watson, J. 2009. The value relevance and reliability of reported goodwill and identifiable intangible assets. The British Accounting Review 41 (2), 120 137. Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Francis, J. R., 2006. Are auditors compromised by nonaudit services? Assessing the evidence. Contemporary Accounting Research 23 (3), 747 760. Gibbins, M., 1984. Propositions about the psychology of professional judgment in public accounting. Journal of Accounting Research.22 (1), 103{125. Kuhn, T. S., 1970. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Watts, R. L., Zimmerman, J. L., 1990. Positive accounting theory: A ten year perspective. The Accounting Review 65 (1), 131-156.

There Were Many Reasons For The Revival Movement Known As The Great Aw

There were many reasons for the revival movement known as the Great Awakening in the mid-18th century. Two of the most influential were the spread of religious indifference in the colonies, and backsliding among previously faithful churchgoers. However, once started, the Great Awakening had a great impact on colonial life and changed the way many people thought about religion. As time passed in the colonies and the once strong-felt religious feelings of the populace faded, many people stopped valuing religious as the most important standard of measuring a person's character. Instead, a person's wealth and status began to weigh heaviest. Most 18th century colonists did not go to church often, and as one Charleston minister said, "the Taverns have more Visitors than the Churches." Even the descendants of some of the most fervent supporters of their religions began to slack off. As their wealth grew larger, the zeal of their faith dried up. Many of the people who went to church loitered outside gossiping for longer than they actually attended sermons. Increasingly did so-called "Christians" begin to succumb to various vices. One man was actually fined for paying a girl ?50 to strip in front of him. This is in direct contrast with the late 1600's, when people were looked down upon in their communities for showing less than godly behavior. Upon seeing the way people were beginning to be led astray, many ministers looked for a way to bring people back into the fold of the Church. Revivals were designed to help combat the growing religious apathy by appealing "more to the heart than to the head." Many ministers changed their style of delivering the word of god by incorporating theatrics and allowing congregations to express their feelings of religious ecstasy. However, revivals did not significantly boost church membership although it did "awaken and refresh" many colonists' spiritual energies. After the revivals were over, the colonists went back to the daily grind and did what needed to be done to survive. Revivals did serve an important cause; they communicated to the colonists that every soul mattered, young or old, rich or poor. Revivals were just one more thing that brought the colonists together.

Marketing Tips 9 Thoughts on How Good Marketing Really Pays Off

Marketing Tips 9 Thoughts on How Good Marketing Really Pays Off Way back in December 2015, I delivered a presentation as part of the LinkedIn Success Summit, organized by Liam Austin, founder of EntrepreneursHQ. Liam followed up with me after that presentation using strategies that can be translated into some great marketing tips. (Spoiler alert: Liam ghostwrote an article by me about how to be â€Å"super likeable on LinkedIn,† the link to which is at the bottom of this blog.) Back to 2015. I gave my presentation, got a slew of LinkedIn connections out of it, and didn’t think much about it after that. I received a few friendly marketing emails from Liam in 2016, including a survey and an invitation to join a Facebook group of attendees from the Summit. In February 2017, Liam wrote to compliment me on my own marketing activities and to check in on how I was doing. Then, more than a year later (just a couple of weeks ago), Liam invited me to make referrals to his â€Å"Ambassador Program,†Ã‚  an opportunity to promote his daily marketing tips. Despite my overall positive feelings about Liam, I ignored his appeal. And then, suddenly, a message from Liam appeared in my inbox announcing that he that he had written an article in my voice – about the presentation I had delivered in 2015! I had multiple reactions to this announcement that have persuaded me to take Liam’s marketing tips seriously:: Wow, this guy does a great job of staying on top of his network. I wish I were that organized. What? He is going to publish an article as if it were written by me? Now I have an editing job to do. Geez, couldn’t you give a girl a little bit of warning? (Reading the blog) I have a serious editing job to do so that I can be comfortable with this article’s publication. But I kinda like the tone and the overall gist of what Liam got from my presentation. I like that he garnered the theme of taking a risk and putting yourself out there. This is cool! Free publicity that will get me exposure to a list of 50,000 people. I trust that at least 100 and maybe even up to 10,000 of will actually read this article. I wonder what Liam’s open rate is? This will make a great blog! (As I’m writing the blog) Hmm, maybe I should look at this Ambassador Program after all (she clicks on the link). Oh, this could be useful for someone starting out in marketing. A marketing tip a day might be something some people will want. Okay. I’ll link to the program in my blog. I should probably read this article to see if he really made the edits I requested. Oh, hmmm, he made some of them but still managed to reinsert some comma splices and phrases I would never use. Oh well. I’m done fighting this battle. The ideas are mine and most people won’t notice the errors anyway! (Yes I’ve gotten a bit resigned over the years.) I’m glad I have a general policy not to use ghostwriters. I prefer my own true blogs! You might be wondering when I’m going to give you the link to this famed article, ostensibly written by me. Here it is, along with a little video excerpt from my LinkedIn Summit presentation: How To Become Super Likeable On LinkedIn In case I haven’t made it clear in all my writings and ramblings about LinkedIn, I really do think it’s imperative to â€Å"do you† on LinkedIn and not sounds like anyone else. Liam agrees and I’m happy that he did so many of the right things over the years: Namely, reaching out, reaching out, and reaching out, over and over again. I bet his daily marketing tips would help you do the same and enjoy similar success. By the way, the recordings from the LinkedIn Summit are still available, in case they interest you! And if you need help creating a super likeable LinkedIn profile, check out my LinkedIn profile writing services  and of course,  contact me  if you have any questions.

How significantly does a democratic political system impinge on the Essay

How significantly does a democratic political system impinge on the conduct of foreign policy Is such interference desirable - Essay Example However positive implications of the element of democracy in the US foreign policy have been demonstrated by its role in enhancing stability in regions of the world that are under political troubles and the use of democracy as a tool of promoting prosperity within the developing nations. This essay gives a critical analysis and argument on the significance and role of democratic ideas on foreign policy with a special focus on the US foreign policy. The essay aims at arguing that the interference of a democratic system on the foreign policy is desirable. Bouchet (2011, p. 572) says that the significance of a democratic political system in shaping the foreign policy is demonstrated by the US foreign policy whose key priority is to spread democracy to other parts of the world. However some schools of thought argue that democracy as defined within the US foreign policy is just one of the strategic objectives that the US designs to impart influence on other nations of the worlds especiall y within the Asian societies and the developing world (Berger, 2011, p. 38). The issue of democracy is important in the US foreign policy as illustrated by speeches of presidential candidates and the discussions of Members of the Congress who define democracy within the foreign policy of the US. Regardless of this, it is argued that what matters is the where, when and how in the application of foreign policy in regard to the principles of democracy which matters the most (Miller, 2005, p. 174). There are however notable difficulties which are faced by the democratization processes within the US foreign policy whose significance is illustrated by the fact that political leaders have employed costly measures of overcoming these challenges (Clarke, 2000, p. 103). Hassan and Ralph (2011, p. 513) point out that during the First World War; the participation of the US was aimed at making world regions and economies safe enough for exercising democratic political systems, values and princip les. Since this war, the US administration has focused energies at ensuring that democracy was promoted in the different political systems of the world. For example presidents Reagan, Bush, Clinton and Obama have demonstrated that the most valuable component of the US foreign policy is the need to promote democracy (Guerlain, 2011, p. 372). The Bush administration demonstrated the impact of democracy on foreign policy by using it as a tool for the promotion of peace and curbing terrorism. In the speeches of Bush, war on terror and democratization was the central component in the description of the US foreign policy (Berger, 2011, p. 47). The significance of democratic political systems in designing foreign policy was demonstrated by the Secretary of State during the Bush Administration, Dr. Condoleezza Rice. The Secretary of State came up with a diplomacy plan in early January, 2006 which was aimed at bringing political transformation by working with political partners to build demo cratic states and sustain democratic political systems (Bouchet, 2011, p. 577). Emphatically, Rice’s plan was restated in October, 2006 within the State Department. In this sense, democratic political systems are viewed to have a significant impact on the design and implementation of foreign p

Use of computers in construction cost controlling process Essay

Use of computers in construction cost controlling process - Essay Example Cost planning is the means that enables the objectives of project cost management to be achieved. It is the process used during the design stage of a particular scheme to help minimize the cost of construction and subsequent usage, and maximize the functionality that is anticipated by the client. Cost planning is, in fact, a system of procedures and techniques used by quantity surveyors. Its purpose is to ensure that clients are provided with value for money on their projects; that clients and designers are aware of the cost consequences of their proposals; that if they so choose, clients may establish budgets for their projects; and the designers are given advice that enables them to arrive at practical and balanced designs within budget. Therefore cost planning monitors and helps direct design and organizational decisions in order to achieve the clients cost objectives. Cost planning is a process that brings cost information to bear systematically upon the evolution, construction, and maintenance of a project to highlight the relationship between capital and operational investment, quality, function, and appearance, and to provide a framework for the management of costs in order to deliver value for money to the client.( Flangan, 1997) The cost plan is one of the principal documents prepared during the initial stages of the cost management process. It is a statement of the proposed expenditure for each section or element of a building related to a definite standard of quality. ... estimate, tender figure and final account sum are all closely related. Cost Planning : Cost planning is the means that enables the objectives of project cost management to be achieved. It is the process used during the design stage of a particular scheme to help minimize the cost of construction and subsequent usage, and maximize the functionality that is anticipated by the client. Cost planning is in fact a system of procedures and techniques used by quantity surveyors. Its purpose is to ensure that clients are provided with value for money on their projects; that clients and designers are aware of the cost consequences of their proposals; that if they so choose, clients may establish budgets for their projects; and the designers are given advise that enables them to arrive at practical and balanced designs within budget. Therefore cost planning monitors and helps direct design and organizational decisions in order to achieve the clients cost objectives. Cost planning is a process that brings cost information to bear systematically upon the evolution, construction and maintenance of a project to highlight the relationship between capital and operational investment, quality, function and appearance, and to provide a framework for the management of costs in order to deliver value for money to the client.( Flangan, 1997) The cost plan is one of the principal documents prepared during the initial stages of the cost management process. It is a statement of the proposed expenditure for each section or element of a building related to a definite standard of quality. Costs, quantities and specification details are itemized by

Marketing strategy Essay Example for Free

Marketing strategy Essay Nike Inc. founded in 1964 by Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight is global leader in sportswear and footwear industry. With Nike occupying around 45% of global market share in footwear and apparels and moving further ahead, much of the organisational success can be credited to its marketing strategy that have helped the organisation achieve revenue worth billions every fiscal year ($18 billion being in 2008). Nike Inc. UK has a major market in the UK for fitness trainers and shoes provided for health and fitness purpose benefits to the consumers. Nike understands the importance of market analysis and marketing strategy based upon those analytical processes. Considerable amount of research and analysis have been carried on in understanding consumer needs, UK’s environment and potential opportunities. This report consists of situational analysis SWOT of Nike in UK and also presents situational analysis suggestion of ways in which competitive edge can be gained against its rivals with segmentation, targeting and positioning of the products. The importance of marketing objectives has also been highlighted in the report and thus provides Nike with a glimpse of marketing environment in UK and the expectations with role of marketing mix (4P’s). Introduction Nike has predominantly been successful in shoe manufacturing and distribution among the shoe manufacturers with its superior quality, high tech, ultramodern shoes that meet on going demand of the market and its trends. From professional athletics to most common need for fitness trainers, Nike has got fitness shoes and trainers in all shape, sizes and colours. Some of the most famous Nike trainers and fitness shoes are Nike + (spelled as plus), Air Jordan, Nike Shox, Nike Lunar glide, Nike Air Zoom, Nike 360 and many more. Nike is the sole distributor of Nike trade mark represented on each of these and many of its fitness trainers sold globally. High quality material, design and cut and technological enhancement of the shoes as per requirement of various activities thus make Nike the best choice for fitness trainers and shoes. Marketing Analysis and strategic evaluation of a company is an important component of any organisational success. Without well-structured marketing strategies and road maps to planning and achieving them, no organisation can be at the point where they want to be. Nike in UK covers a fair amount of market share and revenue for the organisation. The huge market diversity, brand awareness in market and consumer base loyal to high quality products therefore help to its cause. On the other hand, UK market is generally health conscious and trendy. Trainers and fitness shoes are therefore in much demand over last few years within the country itself. Marketing Audit (Nike Inc. UK) Nike Inc. UK follows management strategies that combine with six of the most important external factors that can have an impact on the organisation. PESTLE is a situational analysis tool that can be used by firms to determine their position against possible external influences such as politics, economy, society, technology, environment and law. Nike and its positional stand against background of UK market can therefore be analysed in the following way: Political Factors Nike Inc. has a considerably stable political environment and an economy welfare provided by the state. Considerable amount of legal requirements were accomplished by Nike during its entry in the UK as an organisation completing all political alignments. Considerable amount of fitness shoes and trainers are imported in UK which is sold all over. However, Nike might have to face challenges if government drafts policy or quotas on Nike shoes that can be imported from its production sites such as Asia-Pacific. Economic Factors UK economy has been unstable in recent years. The double dip recession few years back, inflation rate fluctuating abnormally, growing living costs, income tax rate increments and other economic factors directly or indirectly affected Nike’s performance in the UK with comparatively weak sales figure. Economic balance, employment rate and PDI all must be stable and firm enough in the economy to help a business sustain. Nike therefore needs strategic move that can guarantee its sustainability in such circumstances. Social Factors UK market comprises of people from multiple culture, religion and ethnic backgrounds. Therefore, Nike needs to understand the social system and practice of all these people whenever approaching them. Sales and marketing of the fitness shoes should be therefore based upon social acceptance of methods, people’s lifestyle and their way of thinking. For instance, consumers in UK who purchase fitness trainers are pretty health conscious and the numbers are growing as well. Hence, Nike needs to provide more health benefitting shoes and apparel. Similarly, social responsibility image of Nike has to be significantly boosted with accusations of running sweatshops in Nike factories in Asia which it has tried to improve with facilities, factory improvements and commitment towards further improvement. Technological Factors Technological factors are an important aspect that needs to be considered by Nike Inc. UK . Technological advancements in fitness shoes need to be updated and research and development of such apparels have to be advanced. With fitness shoes that are designed such for injury prevention, sole strengthening, speed sports, less sweating and many other features the advancement has been unimaginable. UK customers are updated and spend good time researching on features and quality of the product they want. Nike therefore has to be technologically capable of providing customer satisfaction. Environmental Factors Nike needs total understanding of UK market as consumers are concerned about how products they purchase can make an impact upon environment. Production materials, process and sites can be harmful to environment in many ways. This can be a grave concern for environmental activists and hence persuade consumer thoughts. Nike has to be able to inform the consumers in UK with their continuous efforts in making Nike shoe production environment friendly and use of raw materials and the production process least harmful to nature. Legal factors Nike has to oblige with all the legal regulations and in relevance with companies operating in the UK. They must consider their business privileges as well as legal responsibility in concern with marketing, promotion and sales in the Kingdom. Some of the legal acts that they need to consider are regarding press, trade acts, acts on sales and supply of goods, adverts and campaigning, television adverts, environmental acts and so on. Without its compliance of local laws and acts Nike would suffer a huge blow in gaining consumer trust as they cannot operate with efficiency. SWOT ANALYSIS FOR NIKE FITNESS SHOES Strength: Nike is a global leader in shoe manufacturing and has been in market for very long time. There is a considerable amount of customer trust and loyalty based upon the very fact that Nike has been able to provide highest quality fitness shoes with modern techniques and design over years. The research and development investment in Nike is huge. The very reason has pioneered Nike in producing ultra-modern technology in fitness shoes. Shoes with air compressed soles for low pressure on soles, ankle protecting designs, speed boosting trainers etc. have all been Nike’s brilliant ideas in meeting with modern demands of consumers. Beside innovations, Nike also provides consumers with choice of designing their own shoes in the UK. Nike has a global presence and their revenues are worth billions . Distribution channels for Nike are well established and it has diverse range of products to cater the consumers with. Weakness: Nike Inc. UK has had to compete fiercely against several of its competitors in recent years with economic downfall regarding price of the product. Several of Nike’s fitness trainers are comparatively expensive than other brands. With buyers focusing their mind on cost efficient purchase, Nike prices are a thought for many. On the other hand, Nike’s sweatshop factories in Asia which are not owned by Nike themselves but subcontracted had tarnished Nike image among many people. Nike has considerably put much effort in improving the working condition and lives of its workers thereby. Opportunity: UK market has lots of potential opportunities for the Nike. With numerous amounts of health conscious people and growing sport enthusiastic generation of youngsters, Nike has the opportunity to grab market by launching shoes and trainers as per the consumer needs. Use of internet is wide and common in the UK and e-commerce has been developing in a tremendous pace. Nike can use this opportunity to promote, inform and cater its consumers with its fitness trainers. Threats: Nike has been competing fiercely with rival companies such as Adidas, Puma, Asics, Umbro and others for fitness shoe production and distribution in UK market. Besides, challenges from competitors, forged Nike footwear relatively cheap and of low quality are circulated by counterfeiters in market which has hampered Nikes reputation and brand. On the other hand growing economic uncertainty, government cuts and rising inflation have been challenging Nike sales. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE Competitive advantage can be defined as strategic advantage a company holds against the competitors in the industry. It can be marked as the positional state of company when it is able to create a benchmark in terms of profit in the industry. Nike has the competitive advantage over its rivals through wider market coverage, higher gross revenue and customer loyalty as well. Nike fitness trainers with their high quality design and attributes have been able to outperform other shoe makers. Nike therefore wants to hold this competitive advantage over its rival sustainably. Competitive advantage can be achieved either by, Cost advantage techniques when production is made in massive quantity and products sold in relatively cheaper price or differentiation techniques of producing unique featured products against competitors and providing relative value to the good priced. In 2003, Svend Hollenson provided seven key factors that provide organisations with competitive advantage. Nike with all these consideration and seven key factors can boost its performance therefore in market. The seven factors are: Economy of scale: Economies of scale refers to the term when production cost of a company is relatively lower than its sales revenue and earnings made are from massive sales. These companies produce goods on regular basis and avoid shortage in the market. Economy of scope: Economies of scope relates to the idea that cost of production can be further reduced by other organisational means such as joint administrative firms for different products, similar storage for different goods and cost effective methodologies used in production to distribution. Strategic thinking: The core competence of any business to succeed in modern business world is strategic thinking. With enormous amount of competition and impediments that can affect the business, Nike should be able to analyse its internal and external environment, assess operational lapses so as they can provide effective strategy to eradicate arrears and achieve their objectives. Use of local market: Global companies such as Nike have ample opportunity to provide their range of products to local market in the UK. With well informed and health conscious consumers growing on daily basis, Nike can exploit the opportunity to provide its trainers in all parts of the country. Nike’s product range and standards are well accepted and with more quality products coming in it can boost with learning of local market and advantages it can take from. Ability to provide global services: Nike has been able to provide its product and service throughout the globe. With communication, transportation and various technological developments that have made international trade reliable, company such as Nike have been able to market and cater their business worldwide. Use if information technology in global service is an essential tool which has been used by Nike to deliver its goods and services. Competitive advantage (Company specific): Every organisation should have a distinct and unique feature which provides a competitive edge over its rival companies. Nike has been providing high quality footwear from their founding days. Superior technology, design and features of Nike footwear are second to none. This very reason has made Nike achieve higher market share globally than its competitors by building excellent customer relationship. Human resource (competitive advantage): Nike and its success can be credited on high level to the employees of Nike who with their commitment, skills and attitude have made tremendous development and market coverage for them. Human workforce is an essential element of any business where firm should be able to provide the employees with business specific skills. This helps organisation achieve most out of the available workforce. SEGMENTATION, TARGETING AND POSITIONING (STP) The marketing strategy of a company starts from mission and vision statement to selection of market and then positioning of the plans and objectives of the product in the market. Philip Kotler (1994) provided segmentation, targeting and positioning as the essence of strategic management for any organisation. Here, in terms of Nike Inc. UK, we can suggest following steps to be followed for strategic move: Segmentation: Research on existing market, types of customers and distribution of similar market should be carried out. Targeting: A target market (generally mass and more productive) which has to be served has to be analysed. Positioning: The plans are carried out to be performed in the target market and all the activities positioned. Nike Inc. UK should be able to research and develop the segments within UK market where consumers with similar characteristics can be served. The three approaches of market segmentation such as differentiated, undifferentiated and concentrated can be used to determine segments and plan accordingly by Nike. Nike can distinguish its market with several features and variables which determine the general concept about products that Nike offer, fitness shoes in this case. Socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, occupation, income and family etc. can be considered. It may also be based on geographic information such as area, area density, household and neighbourhood, market size and more. Behavioural data can be assessed to determine customer loyalty, buying trends, user choice and others. Psychographic studies would help Nike understand consumer lifestyle, fashion choices and many more. Nike and its segment targeting approach in the UK Socio demography: Nike Inc. UK provides fitness shoe and trainers in wide range and designs to offer different kind of customers. Trainers and shoes come in all shape, size, specification and quality. Trainers in multiple ranges for men, women and kids are available in the UK market. Sizes are marked effectively for fit in purpose and available readily in all the sales stores. Fitness trainers for men range from ? 38 least for Nike Zoom to ? 120 highest for Nike Trainer 1. Women have wide range of choice as well from Nike Air Cardio designs costing mere ? 28 to ? 140 for Nike Air Max+ 2011 id. Kid products range from ? 18 to ? 100. Geography: Nike has made its presence felt in all the major towns and cities in the UK. The points those are most likely to be consumer targeted have been covered as market by Nike. However, reaching the country sides would be a challenge and point of thought if Nike wants to expand its business all over the nation. Nike provides point of sale services in London, Birmingham city, Glasgow, Manchester city, Edinburgh and many other cities. However, internet usage is the only medium for other geographic parts to purchase Nike trainers. Customer Behaviour: It can be important for Nike to realise the importance of customer behaviour in UK. To learn more about consumer preferences and expectation, it is important to communicate with them and share their experiences. Customer loyalty can be earned by providing customers with benefits and services such as after sales, exchange facilities, warranty and making them feel cared for. Nike has to develop such credentials to learn more about customer status and capacity. Consumer psychograph: Nike has so far been successful in providing trainers and fitness shoes to varying demands of consumers that are available in the UK. Prices of the trainers range from ? 28 to ? 140 which shows that Nike has its focus on all sets of customer status. Some exclusive products are also sold in the market that focuses on trendy, fashionable and youthful nature of trainers and fitness shoes for the consumers. POSITIONING OF MARKET Nike Inc. has been very successful in positioning itself as a global leader in athletic footwear market. Even in UK, Nike has been really successful in covering huge market, enormous amount of consumer trust and therefore considerable amount of revenue for the company itself. Technological advancement, high quality materials, innovation and design in Nike footwear are what even the competitors try to imitate. Even though several European brands provide Nike with stiff competition in the UK, Nike has been efficacious in fending off challenges and come up with even better trainers and footwear as per the demand of demanding health conscious population. With a very competitive pricing strategy that is in concern with market expectations, Nike provides footwear of different sizes, design and price for different market segments. Nike has invested considerable amount of time and money on research of UK market since years which has made it one of the most trusted and loved brand in the UK. Such strong position and market share therefore is a positive sign for Nike in days to come. NIKE AND ITS MARKETING OBJECTIVES AND GOALS IN THE UK Nike has been established as a reputed business enterprise in the UK for years now. Their capability and product effectiveness are reflected in choice of people in using Nike fitness trainers before any available option. SMART based goals and objectives which relate to features of objective setting such as specification, measurement, attainment, realisation and time are necessary for Nike to implement in their strategies. Here, we analyse how Nike’s objectives can be related to the SMART approach. SPECIFIC: Nike is the leading women fitness provider in UK with revenue grossing worth 200 million dollars in 2010. Nike Inc. wants to double the gross amount by the fiscal year of 2014. MEASURABLE: Nike targets revenue of $27 billion by the end of 2015 as well as cumulative cash flow increment to $12 billion. ACHIEVABLE: Nike wants to provide UK consumers with 100% cotton used fitness trainers based upon consumer survey in coming years. Nike Inc. has plans to endorse its own athletics footwear during the 2012 summer Olympics in London by sponsoring all the American athletes participating in the games. REALISTIC: Nike Inc. UK wants to increase its market coverage in the UK which is 18% now to 25% within 2013 as Nike footwear have had tremendously appreciated response and promotional endorsements are to be boosted during Olympic games. TIME BOUND: All afore mentioned plans and objectives of Nike Inc. UK are to be completed in certain time allocated for each objective completion. MARKETING STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMS OF NIKE INC. UK Nike Inc. UK would have to define its objectives and the process of determining the achievement of those goals. Out of various strategic plans available, Nike Inc. UK can use growth strategies using both product and market. Figure source: http://highn. me/ansoffs-matrix-planning-for-growth/ Nike Inc. UK can develop its strategies by using various methods of strategic moves such as Market Penetration: by providing competitive prices against others, promotional campaigns, enhancing customer support and care etc. Market Development: by getting into newer geographic area, building newer distribution channels, creating new product dimension, creating new market segment etc. Product Development: by producing exclusive products, creating a new trend, using technological advancements in product, diversifying product ranges etc. Diversification: by producing new merchandises than usual for instance sweat free socks for Nike trainers, or other products to match Nike footwear and apparels such as caps, jogging scarfs etc. THE MARKETING MIX (4P’S) FOR NIKE INC. UK Nike Inc. UK and their marketing strategies may be subject to changes from external forces of environment such as politics, economy, society, technology, environment and law. The company however has no control on these factors and have to make adjustments on several occasions. The 4 p’s are variables that the organisation can control within its own marketing strategy and is generally known as 4 p’s of marketing mix. Here, we analyse Nike Inc. and its marketing mix. Product: Nike should be able to provide product variety to the consumers in UK. With people interested in different sports, Nike can make an impact on market here. The quality and features of the new trainers have to be of highest quality, design and durability. Latest trends and technology used in performance enhancement, accident prevention and safety of athletes should be made available in Nike trainers. Sizes and shapes have to come out in all different ways and the products need to be attractively packaged as well. Price: Nike needs to focus on all kinds of customer and research on the customer behaviour or purchasing pattern in the UK. Though Nike already provides trainers from as cheap as ? 28 to ? 140 and more, the prices need to be justified. List of the prices and their features marked with products can be helpful. Price discounts on times can be helpful for boosting business. Place: Nike should focus on locations where footwear can be retailed, distributed or sold more efficiently. Study of market is necessary to determine where Nike can make best out of its sales. Placement in this case may be stores around sport clubs, distribution to other sellers and others. Information technology has covered almost the whole part of UK which can be utilised by Nike to exploit the market and attract the customers. Promotion: Nike Inc. has used several of global athletes as brand ambassadors for the company. Their very link with the company and attachment has provided lime light to the Nike trainers as well. The company can advertise its trainers through media; create sales promotion from time to time and even sponsor future sport events to promote their products as well. Conclusion/Recommendation: Marketing Strategy is an important aspect in achieving the organisational goals and objectives. Only with considerable investment in analysing Nike Inc. ’s strength, weakness, opportunity and threats can the organisation implement marketing strategies. Nike enjoys good market presence and customer loyalty in the kingdom and thus can improve further. From the report, we can recommend some of the following aspects for Nike; The emerging youth culture and trend is an opportunity for Nike to market its products. More technological use in trainers, design can be improved so as to promote fitness trainers. Health benefits associated with fitness Nike trainers should be made aware to the consumers. Use of information technology can be great way to market coverage for Nike trainers and their distribution.

A Comparison Of The Knight And The Squire In Chaucers The Canterbury Es

In the medieval period that is described by Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, chivalry was perhaps the most recognized quality of a true gentleman. This quality is explored in Chaucer's two characters of the warrior class, the Knight and the Squire. The squire is the son of the Knight; both ride gallantly and have the air of true gentleman warriors. However, the two are very dissimilar despite their appearances. The Knight possesses the true qualities of chivalry, devotion to service, constancy in humility, and honesty. The Squire possesses none of these qualities truly; instead his demeanor is one that is less honorable and virtuous. Although both claim the same vocation, the Squire and the Knight display contradicting attitudes in respect to dedication, material possessions, and sincerity. The main point in the description of the Knight was the abundance and importance of his battles, while it was the least mentioned aspect in the Squire. The entirety of the Squire's military experience is named in two lines, "he had seen some service with the cavalry/ If Flanders and Artois and Picardy," perchance a direct consequence of the Squire's youth (5). The list of the Knight's battles clearly dominates the text of his description, running many lines. He had embarked ".along the Mediterranean coast" to such places as Alexandria, Lithuania, Russia, Granada, Algeciras, North Africa, Benamarin, Anatolia, Ayas, and Attalia (4). Not only were the battles of the knight more numerous, they were more extensive and required lengthy travels to far-away lands. The Squire had "done valiantly in little space" in these battles, but had not distinguished himself from his peers. This is implied when it is said that he had only seen "some service with the cavalry" (5). The Squire had pursued no noteworthy errands in the interest of chivalry like his father. The "distinguished knight", on the other hand, was very chivalrous because of his unconditional dedication (4). He had been in "fifteen mortal battles" and "always killed his men" which supports that he is committed to his work, as opposed to the Squire, who possessed a distracted attitude (4). "He could make sons and poems and recite, / Knew how to joust and dance, to draw and write" and so has focused his time and energy to many other things (5). The S... ...agility", he did not use it to the full extent that his father used his own. In all aspects, in comparison with his own contradictory behavior, and in comparison with the Knight's behavior, the Squire is shown to be less than sincere in his chivalry. The Knight and the Squire have distinctly different attitudes towards their vocation. As a result, they are complementing images of the medieval warrior. The Knight is the romantic image that all true knights aspire to, generously practicing such chivalrous qualities as dedication, humility, and sincerity. Contrasting this, however, is the image depicted by the Squire, that of an imperfect knight who was to some degree boastful, lusting, or superficial. The Squire was never directly criticized by Chaucer, but the implications that resulted from the description amounted to an extravagant, un-chivalrous image, perhaps a reflection of the actual knights of Chaucer's day. Therefore, Chaucer was not merely comparing two knights and defining the virtues that comprised chivalry, but on a bigger scale was revealing the corruption of humanity by comparing the difference between the realities of our humanity with the ideal of perfection.

Social Science Essay -Housing Extended Report

Introduction The work of Woodberry Down estate regeneration was initiated by the Hackey Council in the year 201. The exercise involved demolition of 1, 981 homes with an aim of building new 1,561 both private, ownership, and social rental homes. Some of the projects that were initiated include; Redmond community centre, public parks, academies, retails, commercial houses as well as regeneration of narrow seven sister’s road (Woodberry Down Clinical Commissioning Group, 2013). The purpose of this report is to analyse and discuss possible ways that correlates with IA policies on integration of stakeholders, community, state members as well as regional levels as far as Woodberry Down Regeneration is of concern based on the health care issue. As far as single parent and Woodberry down estate housing are of concern, this extended report will devise a methodology to assess the impact on a defined population or community of this area. Evidence Historically, Woodberry Down Regeneration was a 20-year programme and established as a partnership housing initiative in Europe. The key stakeholders as far as Woodley Down Estate programme is of concern include; Genesis Housing Association, Berkeley Homes, Greater London Authority, WDCO, Manor House Development and Hackney Homes. However, being one of the largest mass housing estates in Europe, Woodberry Down was built after World War two (Hackney Council, 2014). This is one of the estates that are located between the Finsbury Park and East as well as West reservoirs. Woodberry Down estate and regeneration process started in the year 1999. This was after the estate suffered from physical deterioration as well as under-investment. This led to the high levels of crime and accompanied by the anti-social behaviours especially from youths. For regeneration to take place well, a master plan was drawn and underpinned in the year 1999 (Berkeley Group, 2014). Moreover, the project was regenerated and updated in the year 2012 due to the prevailing economic climate as well as processes involved in consultation with the residents. Meanwhile, for proper management, and based on the single parent family, this project will provide and devise a methodology to assess the impact on a defined single parent housing as far as Woodberry Down estate regeneration is of concern (Berkeley Group, 2014). Impact Assessment As far as impact assessment stages is of concern, it is so evident that owning a house as a single parent is not easy given that one has stretch budget in relation to the tough job he or she is doing that requires attention at large. Single parents as well as mothers require sacrifices to meet the aspect of home ownership. As far as the regeneration of Woodberry Down estate is of concern, the projects looks forward to initiate the best impact assessment stages that will help single parent be able to acquire home ownership. Impact Assessment Stages a. Policies guiding single parents to achieve and own a house To start with, there will be initiation of policies that favours single parent to acquire a house in this programme. Just on the reflection challenges facing these families, and the bills that they require to meet, the function of this programme as far as the regeneration of Woodberry Down estate is of concern, will be to necessitate low-income buyer with less limitation policies as compared to the duo families. These policies will be unveiled through community policing and the only requirement will be a small fee i.e. not exceeding ?850 as the registration fee. The programme however, looks forward to initiate the aspect of affordability and consistency in terms of ability one has to necessitate. b. Commitment However, for the programme to work well, we need to administer the aspect of commitment among the registered single parents aspiring to own a house within the initiative of Woodberry Down estate programme. It is good to note that commitment works hand in hand with effective communication and therefore leading to positive results. Concurrently, it is evident that â€Å"Commitment is dedication to a particular organisation, cause, or belief, and a willingness to get involved. People who are committed to an organization or effort truly believe that it is important, and they show up, follow through, and stick with it. The more people who are committed to your organization, the greater the momentum you can generate to get the job done.† For effective work and delivery of services, the aspect of effective communication should be taken into account (Robert, 2001: 12-17). When there is no communication for instance, between the Woodberry Down Estate management and the stakeholders i.e. single parents, the quality and delivery of services will be compromised hence undermining the programme to an extend that the morale of owning a house as a single parent in relation to the confined income may be impossible to meet. From this perception, the report will execute Lewis’s strategic module that implement effective delivery of services as far as owning a house as a single parent and Woodberry Down estate regeneration programme is taken into account. c. Equality The virtue of equality will be given a hand on every single parent aspiring to own a house as far as Woodberry Down estate and regeneration programme is taken into account. Through this virtue, the programme will incur local housing strategy that impacts all tenants as well as resident of Woodberry Down estate and this in turn will build up more affordable homes across all tenures. In addition, the aspect of equality will oversee and tackle anti-social behaviours hence increasing mobility across the housing system. The virtue of commitment requires mobilization and sustainability. To identify and change in the situation, the reports anticipate providing the re-configuration of Woodberry Down estate through community policing. â€Å"The more committed people there are the more effective they are in influencing others. If a whole group acts with determination and commitment, great numbers of people will really pay attention. People who are committed are the ones who don’t take discouragement seriously and don’t give up. They set an example for those who don’t have the confidence or experience to go through the hard times and hold out for the rewards of success.† For this to take place, laying down good and structured communication roles among the stakeholders and single parent will be an enticing aspect. This will be through every member being acquainted with the goals of the project, vision, and period time requisition as well as satisfaction aspect. d. Initiative of repayment cycle Nevertheless, to drive a positive change, the report necessitates the deployment of 10 percent repayment cycle to the single parents unlike from other stakeholder around the country who requires 50 percent of the total money required to own a house. The introduction of day to day repayment cycle will also be the best approach as this will see single parents paying as less as ?20 per day hence initiating modern technology instrumentation to collect the debit from the single parents. As we anticipate to positively triggering these services, it becomes clearer that there may be some very strong forces preventing substantial changes of any kind from occurring. This includes; constraints, economic challenges, strict budget, poor communication and problem from modern technological instrumentation (Beard & Billett, 2010: 32-36 An analysis based on the problem facing the department was analysed by various scholars. Haven, for instance, started that the drivers for change are dominant to the resistance force. In order for us to provide good and sustainable service to the Woodberry Down Estate community, force field analysis is evitable. This compares the result from both drivers for change and against the total numbers to reduce negative impact and the challenges single parents meets hence, reducing cost and maintaining the organisation value and the fate of the single parents mothers (Kemm, 2012: 11-14). This can be done by encouraging the individuals that they should adopt new behaviours and discard the old one. It also presents the existing problem and makes people realise the need for change. It involves encouraging the individuals to look for new solutions. In addition to the above factors, unfreezing also involves eliminating the rewards for the individual’s current behaviours so that they can be discouraged to use. This is useful implementation of Woodberry Down Estate regeneration based on the single parents is taken into account (O’Mullane, 2013: 57-62). Research methodology The purpose of this report is to analyse and discuss possible ways that correlates with IA policies on integration of stakeholders, community, state members as well as regional levels as far as Woodberry Down Regeneration and planning is of concern. As far as the single parent and Woodberry down estate housing are of concern, this report also looks forward to devise a methodology to assess the impact on the defined single parenthood management. The sample and survey will be directed to the single families that look forward to invest in this project through an opinion. There is recognition of the data collection and its framework analysis for the purpose of answering the research questions and achieves targeted objectives through validation, outsourcing, collection and data analysis. The study on the basis of literature has shown that the research goals would be achieved more efficiently with the quantitative method. Whereas, the literature reviewed has revealed an objective need for numeric data that is necessary to a greater extent due to its absence, rather than non-numeric data. The quantitative method allows assessing the influence of the identified factors by the end-user, which permits the initiation and building of a consumer behaviour model. Ultimately, the variables were identified on the basis of the literature studied (O’Reilly, Truman, Redmond, Yunni, Wright, Cave & Haq, 2006: 10-13).a. Research philosophy and approachThe objective of this report is to develop a philosophical study. We may define it as â€Å"an over-arching term relating to the development of knowledge and the nature of that knowledge.† Due to this aspect, the report initiated the use of deductive approach to analyse the case as it stand out to be the right approach bas ed on development of knowledge as far as over-arching perception is of concern. Based on the fact that theoretical framework has been defined, a test will be necessary to articulate the outlined theories hence; assuring the aspect of quantitative method which is one of the research methods.b. Research strategiesTo necessitate the aspect of research strategy, the report will adopt and make use ofquestionnaires for the experimental actions. The survey will cut across the single parents, diverse ages and anyone aspiring to implement proper planning and housing programme.c. Data CollectionData collection is a crucial stage as far as the prevailing report is of concern as it is triggered from the research strategy that incurs survey activities. Data collection however, will be availed during exhibition programme where visitors will be requested to give views as far as the liability of owning a house is taken into account. The report will help in acquiring data based on the visitorâ€⠄¢s preferences as well as get acquainted to new features and product available as far as housing aspect is of concern. More so, data will be availed based on age group, occupation and level of incomes from diverse culture of Woodberry Down estate.d. PopulationThe population of the Woodberry Down Estate is 8,758 people. According to the Central Statistical Bureau of London, 7,000 of them are aged 18 to 74(Reference GOV website). Typically, data from the leading specialised agencies that focus on the public opinions of the London residents are majorly used for surveys, with a representative sample of 1428 respondents used to make a projection of the opinion of all housing inhabitants of London. It is good to note that the â€Å"Population is the total number of objects of observation, which acquire a certain amount of characteristics, such as gender, income and age. In order for the survey to have been carried out successfully, it was necessary to generate a sample of inhabitants w ho are active housing planners (Berkeley Group, 2014).†e. Sample and sample techniqueThe correct display of the population is independent to the sample generated. The sample is a representation of the number of visitors who come to inquire about pricing and acquisition of single parent housing as far as Woodberry Down estate is of concern. This study however, will target the audience between 18-69 years old. The sample technique will incur Questionnaire where the author is acquainted with several theories to formulate the questions. The report however, will formulate a questionnaire and present to the visitors to ascertain views on the Woodberry Down Estate programme and as far as single parent aspect is taken into account. The regeneration of the estate will avail sample technique with an initiation of five crucial parts questions within the questionnaire. The first part of the questions will be based on data analysis directed to the consumer’s demography. The second part will be initiated by the closed questions which bear information that will obtain factual information from the respondent.The third part will execute questions based on the consumer’s age proportions as well as income probabilities. The forth part will articulates factors that influences the choice and preference of the consumer while the fifth part oversees factors and importance the consumers will assumes for effecting the programme. The analysis of this question will achieve one of the goals, which is to investigate the infl uencing factors on the choice housing the single families aspire to initiate. The analysis of responses to the third and fourth part of the questionnaire would also achieve one of the goals of the study to explore the advantages of different types of agencies in the selection of their end-users. All this will be articulated through consumer behaviour model.f. Pilot studyTo finalise the data collected through the help of sampling technique, a pilot version will be created to ascertain and correct any miscellaneous results hence providing the final data collection.Single parent aspiring to acquire housing programme and within the regeneration of Woodberry Down estate programme will be the target audience within the pilot study. Ten pilot questionnaires from the target consumers will be initiated and the feedback tabulated hence any possible adjustments will be unveiled. Any final outcomes from the final version will be executed and tabulated as the primary survey outcomes.g. Sample type and sampling errorProbability and the non-probability are the two substantial sample types that the report anticipates to execute to eliminate sampling error. It is critical to note that random sampling technique necessitate this study and it is one of the probability sampling types of sampling technique. This sample type assumes homogeneity of the population, which indicates an equal probability of the availability of all elements. Moreover, margin error also known as sampling error indicates a deviation of the results obtained by using the probability sample survey data from the population. There are two kinds of sampling errors i.e. statistical and systematic. In this case, the statistical error was used due to the fact that there was an absence of factors that could seriously affect the study. Consequently, the systematic error depends on the sample size. The larger the sample size, therefore the less is the error. Accordingly, for a simple random sample of 95% the probabi lity level would be 5 percent. However, for a specific population of this study, which is 8,758, the sample size should be from 22 to 25.h. Fieldwork resultsThis is another crucial part that will incur the use of the personal survey collection. There will be print out of questionnaires that will be spread out by individuals to the respondent as well as participants. Fieldwork results will be monitored closely to ensure that the aspect of reliability based on the survey is taken into account.i. Data analysisTo execute data analysis, the report will employ quantitative data analysis technique. The processed data will be tabulated on a matrix table in conformation to the outlaid final questionnaires results. The data will therefore be recorded using numerical codes. The processed information will be analysed and tabulated inform of graphs as well as trends. Conclusion As far as impact assessment stages is of concern, it is so evident that owning a house as a single parent is not easy given that one has stretch budget in relation to the tough job he or she is doing that requires attention at large. Single parents as well as mothers require sacrifices to meet the aspect of home ownership. The purpose of this report was to analyse and discuss possible ways that correlates with IA policies on integration of stakeholders, community, state members as well as regional levels as far as Woodberry Down Regeneration is of concern based on the health care issue. As far as single parent and Woodberry down estate housing are of concern, this extended report will devise a methodology to assess the impact on a defined population or community of this area. The findings necessitate that the result from both drivers for change and against the total numbers to reduce negative impact and the challenges single parents meets hence, reducing cost and maintaining the orga nisation value and the fate of the single parent’s mothers. Bibliography Berkeley Group (2014) Living at Woodberry Down. [Online] Available from: http://www.berkeleygroup.co.uk/media/pdf/2/4/Woodberry_Down_Social_Sustainability study.pdf[Accessed 2nd November 2014]. Beard, C. & Billett, A. (2010) Health Impact Assessment: Passionate about health. Guidance 2nd Edition, available from:http://www.gateshead.gov.uk/DocumentLibrary/Care/strategies/SOTWHIAGuidelines12012010v7final.pdf Hackney Council. (2014) Woodberry Down Regeneration. [Online] Available from: http://www.hackney.gov.uk/woodberry-down.htm#.VGs0J_msWSo [Accessed 4th November 2014]. Kemm, J. (2012) Health Impact Assessment: Past Achievement, Current Understanding, andFuture Progress. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Kemm, J., Parry. J. & Palmer, S. (2005). Health Impact Assessment: Concepts, Theory,Techniques And Applications. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. O’Mullane, M (2013) Integrating Health Impact Assessment With The Policy Process: Lessons And Experiences From Around The World. Washington DC: CRC Press. O’Reilly, J., Truman, P., Redmond, S., Yunni, Y., Wright, D., Cave, B. & Haq, G. (2006). CostBenefit Analysis of Health Impact Assessment. Department of Health & York Health Economics Consortium. Robert, M. (2001), Understanding social problems, Great Britain T.J. International Ltd.,Padstow, Cornwall, Massachusetts, USA, Blackwell. http://www.Locallabourhire.co.UK [Accessed: 13th November 2014]. Woodberry Down Clinical Commissioning Group. (August 2013). Joint Strategic Needs Assessment for Woodberry Down. Woodberry Down Health and Wellbeing Board. Retrieved from: http://www.woodberrydownsccg.nhs.uk/Get_Involved/Twoodberry%20woodberry%20healthimpact%20Health%20Joint%20Strategic%20Needs%20Assessment%20Part%20One%20%20Population%20Needs.pdf [Accessed: 10th November 2014].